Theophylline

About Theophylline

A methylxanthine bronchodilator used for asthma and COPD since the early 20th century. Theophylline relaxes airway smooth muscle and may have anti inflammatory effects. It has a narrow therapeutic window, and blood levels are often monitored. Side effects include nausea, headache, and seizures at high levels. Theophylline was largely replaced by inhaled medications but is still used in developing countries due to low cost. It remains useful as add on therapy in severe asthma or COPD.